Range of motion describes the movement available in a joint between the two end positions of a movement direction. It is measured in degrees and documented in physiotherapy using the standardised neutral-zero method.
Both active and passive ranges are recorded, for example for flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, or internal and external rotation. Goniometers, inclinometers or digital methods are used for measurement. Range of motion is a key assessment and progress parameter in orthopaedics, trauma care and rehabilitation, and forms a basis for treatment planning and outcome monitoring.