Mobilisation is a manual therapy technique in physiotherapy in which passive movements of a joint are performed within the physiological range of motion in order to improve joint function and ease pain.
The goal of mobilisation is to restore mobility in a previously stiff or painful joint. The joint surfaces are moved against each other without active participation by the patient. These passive movements are called "accessory movements" and cannot be performed actively by the patient.
The Australian physiotherapist Geoffrey Maitland classified mobilisation techniques into five grades, which differ in amplitude and speed. Grades I and II mainly serve pain relief and activate mechanoreceptors in the joint capsule. Grades III and IV aim to stretch the joint capsule. Grade V is a single high-velocity thrust at the end of the range of motion.
Mobilisations can be used for various joint problems, for example stiffness, pain or movement restrictions. They should only be performed by specially trained physiotherapists with sound knowledge of joint biomechanics and possible contraindications.
Overall, mobilisation is an important treatment technique in physiotherapy for improving joint function, reducing pain and restoring mobility.