Scoliosis is a fixed three-dimensional deformity of the spine with a lateral curve in the frontal plane and an accompanying rotation of the vertebral bodies around the longitudinal axis. It is usually quantified as the Cobb angle on a standing spine X-ray; from about ten degrees, the literature speaks of scoliosis.
The largest proportion is idiopathic scoliosis, which usually appears in adolescence. Congenital, neuromuscular and secondary forms are also distinguished. Clinically, an uneven shoulder or pelvic position, a rib hump or lumbar bulge and an asymmetrical waistline are often noticeable. Course and therapy depend on age, Cobb angle and remaining growth.